The City of Bristol's Garden Wine Gardens: Foot-Stomping Grapes in Urban Spaces
Each quarter of an hour or so, an older diesel train pulls into a spray-painted stop. Nearby, a police siren cuts through the near-constant road noise. Commuters hurry past collapsing, ivy-covered garden fences as storm clouds gather.
This is perhaps the last place you expect to find a perfectly formed grape-growing plot. But James Bayliss-Smith has cultivated four dozen established plants heavy with round purplish grapes on a sprawling garden plot situated between a line of 1930s houses and a local rail line just above Bristol downtown.
"I've noticed people hiding illegal substances or whatever in the shrubbery," states the grower. "But you just get on with it ... and continue caring for your vines."
Bayliss-Smith, 46, a filmmaker who runs a kombucha drinks business, is not the only urban winemaker. He has pulled together a informal group of cultivators who produce wine from four discreet city grape gardens tucked away in private yards and community plots throughout the city. The project is sufficiently underground to possess an official name so far, but the group's WhatsApp group is named Grape Expectations.
City Wine Gardens Around the Globe
To date, Bayliss-Smith's allotment is the sole location registered in the Urban Vineyards Association's forthcoming world atlas, which features more famous city vineyards such as the 1,800 plants on the hillsides of Paris's renowned artistic district neighbourhood and more than 3,000 vines with views of and within Turin. The Italian-based non-profit association is at the forefront of a initiative re-establishing urban grape cultivation in traditional winemaking nations, but has identified them throughout the world, including urban centers in Japan, South Asia and Central Asia.
"Vineyards assist urban areas remain more eco-friendly and ecologically varied. They protect open space from construction by establishing long-term, yielding agricultural units inside cities," explains the organization's leader.
Like all wines, those created in cities are a result of the soils the vines grow in, the unpredictability of the climate and the individuals who tend the grapes. "A bottle of wine embodies the charm, local spirit, environment and history of a urban center," adds the spokesperson.
Unknown Polish Grapes
Returning to Bristol, Bayliss-Smith is in a race against time to gather the vines he grew from a plant abandoned in his garden by a Eastern European household. If the precipitation arrives, then the pigeons may take advantage to feast again. "Here we have the mystery Eastern European variety," he says, as he removes bruised and rotten berries from the shimmering bunches. "The variety remains uncertain what variety they are, but they're definitely disease-resistant. Unlike premium grapes – Burgundy grapes, white wine grapes and other famous French grapes – you don't have to treat them with pesticides ... this could be a special variety that was developed by the Eastern Bloc."
Collective Activities Across the City
Additional participants of the group are also taking advantage of sunny interludes between bursts of autumn rain. On the terrace with views of Bristol's shimmering harbour, where historic trading ships once bobbed with barrels of vintage from Europe and the Iberian peninsula, one cultivator is harvesting her rondo grapes from approximately fifty plants. "I adore the smell of these vines. The scent is so reminiscent," she says, pausing with a container of grapes slung over her shoulder. "It's the scent of Provence when you open the car windows on vacation."
Grant, 52, who has spent over 20 years working for humanitarian organizations in war-torn regions, unexpectedly took over the grape garden when she moved back to the UK from East Africa with her household in recent years. She experienced an strong responsibility to look after the vines in the yard of their new home. "This plot has previously survived three different owners," she explains. "I deeply appreciate the idea of environmental care – of handing this down to future caretakers so they keep cultivating from the soil."
Terraced Vineyards and Natural Production
Nearby, the final two members of the collective are busily laboring on the steep inclines of the local river valley. One filmmaker has established over one hundred fifty vines situated on terraces in her expansive property, which descends towards the silty River Avon. "People are always surprised," she says, gesturing towards the tangled grape garden. "They can't believe they can see grapevine lines in a urban neighborhood."
Currently, Scofield, sixty, is picking clusters of deep violet Rondo grapes from lines of vines arranged along the cliff-side with the help of her child, Luca. Scofield, a wildlife and conservation film-maker who has worked on Netflix's nature programming and television network's gardening shows, was inspired to plant grapes after observing her neighbour's vines. She has learned that amateurs can make interesting, enjoyable traditional vintage, which can command prices of upwards of £7 a serving in the growing number of establishments specialising in low-processing vintages. "It's just incredibly satisfying that you can actually make quality, traditional vintage," she states. "It is quite fashionable, but really it's resurrecting an old way of making vintage."
"During foot-stomping the grapes, the various wild yeasts are released from the surfaces and enter the liquid," explains Scofield, partially submerged in a bucket of small branches, pips and red liquid. "This represents how wines were made traditionally, but industrial wineries introduce preservatives to eliminate the wild yeast and then add a lab-grown culture."
Challenging Environments and Inventive Solutions
A few doors down sprightly retiree another cultivator, who motivated Scofield to plant her vines, has assembled his companions to harvest Chardonnay grapes from the 100 plants he has arranged precisely across multiple levels. The former teacher, a northern English PE teacher who taught at Bristol University developed a passion for viticulture on regular visits to Europe. But it is a challenge to cultivate Chardonnay grapes in the dampness of the valley, with temperature fluctuations sweeping in and out from the Bristol Channel. "I aimed to produce Burgundian wines in this location, which is somewhat ambitious," admits Reeve with amusement. "This variety is slow-maturing and very sensitive to mildew."
"I wanted to make European-style vintages in this environment, which is rather ambitious"
The temperamental local weather is not the only problem encountered by winegrowers. Reeve has had to erect a fence on